![]() This review aimed to highlight the beneficial effects of lactobacilli derivatives (i.e. In addition, the effectiveness of Lactobacillus as prophylaxis has also been well-founded in long-term administration. Owing to their Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) status, lactobacilli have been widely utilised as one of the alternatives besides conventional antimicrobial treatment against vaginal pathogens for the prevention of chronic vaginitis and the restoration of vaginal ecosystem. Therefore, the composition of vaginal microbiota serves an important role in determining vagina health. Predisposing factors such as menses, pregnancy, sexual practice, uncontrolled usage of antibiotics, and vaginal douching can alter the microbial community. However, the disruption of vaginal ecosystem contributes to the overgrowth of pathogens which causes complicated vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). These vaginal lactobacilli have been touted to prevent invasion of pathogens by keeping their population in check. Lactobacillus is the most frequently isolated microorganism from the healthy human vagina, this includes Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus jensenii.
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